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2023 •
A l’occasion de ce workshop couplant présentations et expérimentations, nous souhaitons porter au cœur de nos réflexions, en plus du métal, l’usage des matériaux et outils qui permettent l’extraction, l’élaboration et le recyclage des matières métalliques autant que des déchets. Cette approche se double d’une réflexion sur l’interdisciplinarité de notre pratique de l’expérimentation archéologique qui associe archéologues, archéomètres et historiens autour de l’objet et du texte. Cette approche par les matières métalliques autant que par les matières minérales et organiques se veut diachronique et ouverte à différentes aires culturelles. Cette ouverture qui caractérise les travaux expérimentaux conduits sur la plateforme permet des inter comparaisons fructueuses dans une visée transdisciplinaire cultivée de longue date au sein de l’IRAMAT. Le WS se tiendra en hybride. Il est ouvert à tous. Les personnes inscrites pour assister en distanciel recevront un lien peu avant le workshop.
This paper examines the various hoards belonging to the Llyn Fawr phase of the British Bronze Age – for which other scholars now prefer the term Earliest Iron Age (e.g. Cunliffe 2005; Needham this volume) – and provides an up-to-date list of relevant finds (Appendix 1). It will then consider the significance of the axes, swords and razors belonging this phase, and review the dating – 800 to around 600 BC – with reference to the latest chronology for Hallstatt C on the Continent. Finally, the implications of the disappearance of certain bronze types during the Llyn Fawr phase for the adoption of iron are briefly discussed.
Pleiner, R. (2006). Iron in Archaeology. Early European Blacksmiths. Praha: Archeologický ústav AVČR
Iron in Archaeology: Early European Blacksmiths (Pleiner 2006)Although stone artefacts represent the first tools and the earliest objects studied by archaeologists, they often have been considered as little informative when it comes to later prehistory. However, the study of lithic industries from the Metal Ages has seen a gradual development which has shown their potential: not just regarding the characterisation of societies that produce and use stone tools but also for approaching, from a broader perspective, the subject of technological change. Even if they are summarily labelled as stone tools, there are some significant differences regarding the raw materials used, the techniques and manufacturing methods employed, and their functions. In recognition of these differences, this session is organised in two distinct parts, the first part is dedicated to the flaked stone industries and the second part to the macrolithic stone tools used by metalworkers. In the study of protohistorical and early historical times, the general indifference towards late lithic industries, and the idea that the replacement of stone by metal was a self-evident and automatic process, explains why, traditionally, archaeologists focused on the new materials and technologies related to their productions. Lithic industries were largely neglected and considered a remnant of prehistoric traditions. Although chipped-stone tools were recognized as a component of the material culture of the Metal Ages, lithic industries did not interest archaeologists working on protohistorical and early historical societies, or the Palaeolithic and Neolithic flint tool specialists. The limited importance given to lithic productions as an expression of cultural identities of protohistorial and early historical societies leads the archaeologists
A.C. Renfrew, O. Philaniotou, G. Gavalas, N. Brodie, M. Boyd (eds.), The Sanctuary on Keros and the Origins of Aegean Ritual Practice: the Excavations of 2006-2008. Volume I: The Settlement at Dhaskalio
Metal artefacts and metallurgy2013 •
Historical Metallurgy
Discovery of a set of copper tuyere imprints on the site of Castel-Minier, end 13th to mid-15th century AD (Ariège, France)From the 13th to the 16th century, iron was produced at the site of Castel-Minier. The excavations since 2003 have found structures and materials that allow us to understand how past metallurgists improved a forge of rather classic design to a real iron production site, relying on a system of inter-valley exchange. This paper relates especially to the discovery of 28 slag pieces. They carry imprints of tuyeres that were embedded in ventilation holes into which bellow pipes were inserted. Traditional and 3-D plots were used to estimate their shapes and diameters.
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